中英双语 | 秋平：中国经济社会发展取得了重大成就

中国经济社会发展取得了重大成就

China’s Major Achievements in Economic and Social Development

秋平

Qiu Ping

  宏观经济运行平稳

  Stable Macro-economic Performance

  中国国内生产总值从2012年的54万亿元增长至2023年的126万亿元，年均增长6.1%，对世界经济增长平均贡献率超过30%。统筹用好中央预算内投资、地方政府专项债券等资金，激发民间投资活力。

  Between 2012 and 2023, China’s GDP rose from 54 trillion yuan to 126 trillion yuan, expanding at an average annual rate of 6.1%, with China’s average contribution to world economic growth exceeding 30%.

  2024年以来持续加大逆周期调节力度，发行1万亿元超长期特别国债，支持国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设（“两重”），安排3000亿元左右超长期特别国债资金，加力支持大规模设备更新和消费品以旧换新（“两新”）。多项消费惠民政策出台实施，文化和旅游消费持续高涨，消费新场景加快培育。

  In 2024, the government has steadily strengthened countercyclical economic measures. It issued 1 trillion yuan in ultra-long-term special treasury bonds to support the implementation of major national strategies and security capacity-building in key sectors. Around 300 billion yuan of funds raised from ultra-long-term special treasury bonds have also been used to bolster support for large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-in schemes for consumer goods. Thanks to the implementation of consumption policies to boost people’s wellbeing, we have ensured a steady rise in spending on culture and tourism as well as faster development of new consumption scenarios.

  2024年上半年，中国经济顶住下行压力，经济运行总体平稳、稳中有进，国内生产总值实现了5%的增长，增速居世界主要经济体前列。

  As a result, in the first half of 2024, China’s economy was able to withstand downward pressure to maintain overall stability and achieve improvement. GDP grew at a rate of 5%, one of the fastest growth rates among the world’s major economies.

  创新活力持续激发

  Continued Growth in Innovative Vitality

  中共十八大以来，中国科技事业快速发展，研发投入强度由1.91%提升至2.64%，全球创新指数由第34名升至第12名。

  Since 2012, China has experienced rapid growth in the areas of science and technology. The ratio of R&D investment to GDP has risen from 1.91% to 2.64%, and China has climbed from 34th to 12th place on the Global Innovation Index rankings.

  科技成果转化应用持续深化，助力新质生产力加快发展，截至2023年底，中国国内（不含港澳台）发明专利拥有量达401.5万件，成为全球首个突破400万件的国家。

  By promoting the industrial application of scientific and technological advances, we have accelerated the development of new quality productive forces. By the end of 2023, China was home to about 4.02 million valid domestic invention patents (not including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan), becoming the first country to pass the 4 million mark.

  重大科技成果竞相涌现，国产大飞机C919、国产首艘大型邮轮投入商业运营，“天宫”空间站成功发射并顺利运行，嫦娥六号完成世界首次月球背面采样返回。

  This has resulted in a raft of major scientific and technological advances coming on stream. China’s first domestically-made airliner, the C919, and its first homegrown large cruise ship have entered commercial service. Following a successful launch, the Tiangong space station continues to operate smoothly, and the Chang’e-6 robotic probe completed the first mission in history to bring back rock samples from the far side of the moon.

  新动能日益成为经济增长的新引擎，战略性新兴产业发展壮大，人工智能、云计算、5G等数字技术快速发展。

  Indeed, more and more new growth drivers are becoming the engines of the economy, thanks to the development and expansion of strategic emerging industries as well as the rapid growth of digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and 5G.

  产业结构调整优化

  Adjustments and Improvements to the Industrial Structure

  农业生产总体平稳，粮食产量连续9年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，肉蛋奶、蔬菜水果等“菜篮子”产品供应充足。

  Agricultural production has remained largely stable. Annual grain output has stayed above 650 million metric tons for nine consecutive years, and an abundant supply of important food-basket products, such as meat, eggs, milk, vegetables, and fruits, has been maintained.

  制造业量增质升，规模占全球比重由22.5%提升至30%左右，已连续14年居世界首位。高技术制造业占规模以上工业增加值比重由9.4%提升至15.7%。2024年前7个月，新能源汽车、发电机组、智能手机、工业机器人产量分别增长32.9%、19.8%、10.6%、7.9%。

  China has both expanded and upgraded its manufacturing sector. With our global manufacturing share rising from 22.5% to around 30%, we have remained the world’s leading manufacturer for 14 years running. Notably, the contribution of high-tech manufacturing to the total added value of large industrial enterprises has increased from 9.4% to 15.7%. In the first seven months of 2024, the output of alternative energy vehicles, generator sets, smartphones, and industrial robots all grew, rising by 32.9%, 19.8%, 10.6%, and 7.9%, respectively.

  服务业保持稳定发展，服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重由45.5%上升到54.6%，生产性服务业增长较快，服务消费潜能持续释放。

  In the services sector, a steady rate of growth has been maintained, with value added rising from 45.5% to 54.6% as a share of GDP. Producer services have expanded rapidly, allowing us to unlock greater potential for services consumption.

  改革开放不断深化

  Deepening of Reform and Opening Up

  重点领域和关键环节改革取得新进展新成效，国有经济核心功能、核心竞争力进一步增强，全国统一大市场建设扎实推进。民营经济保持稳定向好发展态势，截至2024年上半年，登记在册民营企业达5500余万户，较2012年底增长了4.1倍。

  Fresh progress and gains have been secured in reforms in key areas and at critical links. We have reinforced the core functions and competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and made concrete strides in developing a unified national market. In the private sector, a trend of steady improvement has been sustained. As of the first half of 2024, there were more than 55 million registered private enterprises in China, representing a 4.1-fold increase from the end of 2012.

  吸引外资和对外投资均居世界前列，引资规模稳居发展中国家首位。2024年前7个月外资来华热度不减，全国新设立外商投资企业超过3.1万家。高质量共建“一带一路”不断走深走实，对共建“一带一路”国家直接投资累计超过2800亿美元，中欧班列累计开行超过9万列。

  China remains a world leader in terms of both inbound and outbound investment; among developing countries, it is the top recipient of foreign investment. In the first seven months of 2024, foreign investment in China remained strong, with more than 31,000 new foreign-invested enterprises setting up nationwide. To drive high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, we have pursued deeper and more productive cooperation with our partners. Direct investment from China in countries along the Belt and Road has exceeded US$280 billion, and the China-Europe Railway Express has, to date, completed over 90,000 trips.

  区域城乡协调发展

  Coordinated Development Between Regions and Between Urban and Rural Areas

  区域重大战略有序推进，京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区发挥高质量发展动力源作用，北京非首都功能疏解项目在雄安新区加快落地建设。

  Systematic strides have been made in advancing major regional strategies. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have grown into important engines of high-quality development. Meanwhile, in Xiong’an New Area, rapid progress has been made on projects to absorb functions nonessential to Beijing’s role as our nation’s capital.

  长江经济带、黄河流域地区强化区域绿色发展协作，重点流域生态环境保护和修复取得新进展。支持西部大开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展的政策体系进一步完善。

  The Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin have ramped up regional coordination on green development, and fresh gains have been made in environmental protection and restoration in our country’s key river basins. We have further refined the policy frameworks for supporting large-scale development of the west, revitalization of northeastern China, the rise of the central region, and trailblazing development in the eastern region.

  制定实施以人为本的新型城镇化战略五年行动计划，户口迁移政策进一步放宽放开，常住人口城镇化率从53.1%上升到66.16%。大力实施以工代赈和消费帮扶，巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接。

  We have launched a five-year action plan for implementing the new people-centered urbanization strategy. As part of this, we have relaxed policy restrictions on the transfer of household registration, with the result that the share of permanent urban residents in the total population has risen from 53.1% to 66.16%. Major efforts have been made to implement work-relief programs and schemes to promote purchases of products from less developed areas. We have also consolidated and built on our achievements in poverty alleviation by promoting rural revitalization.

  全面绿色转型加快

  Accelerated Efforts for a Green Transition

  协同推进降碳、减污、扩绿、增长，实施加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见，深入打好污染防治攻坚战，强化生态系统保护和治理。中共十八大以来，中国以年均3.3%的能源消费增速支撑了年均6.1%的经济增长，能耗强度累计下降26.1%，是全球能耗强度降低最快的国家之一。

  We have made a concerted drive to simultaneously cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, expand green development, and pursue economic growth. In line with this, guidelines have been issued on accelerating the green transition across all areas of economic and social development. We have pushed forward with the critical battle to prevent and control pollution and have taken steps to improve the governance and protection of our ecosystems. Since 2012, China has achieved average annual economic growth of 6% based on an average increase of 3.3% in energy consumption. This has enabled us to achieve a cumulative reduction in energy intensity of 26.1%, one of the fastest rates of reduction worldwide.

  2023年地级及以上城市细颗粒物（PM2.5）平均浓度为30微克/立方米，为全球大气质量改善速度最快的国家。全国地表水优良水质断面比例较2012年提高27.8个百分点，已接近发达国家水平。

  In 2023, the average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at and above the prefectural administrative level across China fell to 30μg/m³. This has enabled China to achieve the fastest improvement in air quality of any country in the world. Since 2012, the percentage of China’s surface water meeting Grade III or higher in the nation’s five-tier water quality system has increased by 27.8 percentage points, reaching quality levels comparable to developed countries.

  全国森林覆盖率超过24%，成为全球森林资源增长最多最快和人工造林面积最大的国家，贡献了全球约1/4的新增绿化面积。可再生能源装机规模全球最大、发展速度全球最快，2023年可再生能源累计装机占全国发电总装机超过50%，新增装机占全球可再生能源新增装机超过50%。

  With forest coverage topping 24%, China has become a global leader in both forest growth rate and total cultivated forest area. It now accounts for about one-fourth of the world’s newly created green spaces. In terms of renewable energy, China is also leading the way with regard to both total installed capacity and the rate of new installations. In 2023, renewables accounted for over 50% of China’s total power generation capacity, while the country accounted for more than half of all new renewable energy installations worldwide.

  民生保障力度加大

  Major Efforts to Ensure People’s Wellbeing

  全面打响脱贫攻坚战，历史性地解决困扰中华民族几千年的绝对贫困问题，在中华大地上全面建成了小康社会。

  Thanks to a nationwide battle against poverty, China successfully eliminated absolute poverty, solving an issue that plagued the nation for millennia. This success paved the way for us to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.

  落实落细就业优先政策，就业形势总体稳定，2013年以来全国城镇新增就业人数年均1300万人，2024年上半年新增就业698万人，全国城镇调查失业率平均值为5.1%。居民收入增速快于经济增速，扣除价格因素，2023年居民人均可支配收入比2012年实际增长94%，其中农村居民收入增长快于城镇居民，城乡居民收入倍差从2.88降至2.39。

  By fully and effectively implementing the employment-first policy, we have ensured overall employment stability. Since 2013, 13 million new urban jobs have been created each year on average. In the first half of 2024, 6.98 million new jobs were added, and the average surveyed urban unemployment rate stood at 5.1%. Personal income has grown faster than the economy as a whole. After adjusting for inflation, per capita disposable income increased by 94% between 2023 and 2012. Furthermore, the urban-rural personal income ratio decreased from 2.88:1 to 2.39:1, thanks to faster income growth in rural areas.

  公共服务领域惠民政策加快落实，“一老一小”、教育、医疗、文化等基本公共服务水平不断提升。全力应对部分地区干旱、洪涝等各类自然灾害，保障受灾群众基本生活，灾后恢复重建有序推进。

  We have accelerated the implementation of public service policies and steadily enhanced the quality of basic public services, such as those for elderly care, childcare, education, medical care, and culture. No effort has been spared in our response to natural disasters such as regional droughts and floods. We have ensured the basic needs of affected populations are met and systematically moved forward with post-disaster recovery and reconstruction work.

  安全发展基础夯实

  Stronger Foundations for Secure Development

  各地区各部门坚决贯彻落实党中央关于统筹发展和安全的各项决策部署，推动高质量发展与高水平安全互促共进，经济领域安全发展的基础不断巩固和加强。

  All regions and departments have resolutely implemented the CPC Central Committee’s decisions and plans for coordinating development and security. By ensuring mutual reinforcement between these two imperatives, we have laid stronger foundations for achieving secure development in the economic sphere.

  粮食安全基础持续夯实，新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动有序开展，高标准农田、黑土地保护、现代种业提升等重点工程建设加快推进。

  The foundations of food security are stronger than ever. We have achieved sound progress in new initiatives to boost grain production capacity by 50 million metric tons and accelerated the implementation of several major projects, including those for high-standard farmland development, chernozem soil protection, and the enhancement of the modern seed industry.

  能源安全保障不断强化，迎峰度夏、迎峰度冬能源保供基础进一步夯实，新型储能装机继续保持较快增长。

  We have also taken further steps to strengthen energy security. We have guaranteed our capacity to meet peak energy needs during summer and winter and rapidly expanded the installed storage capacity for new forms of energy.

  产业链供应链韧性和安全水平稳步提升，重大技术装备攻关工程加快实施，关键核心技术攻关扎实推进。数据安全能力建设持续推进，适度超前建设数字基础设施，全国一体化算力体系加快形成。

  The resilience and security of industrial and supply chains is steadily improving. We have sped up the implementation of research projects on major technological equipment and made concrete progress in developing core technologies in key fields. We have also continued to enhance our data security capacity. We have made forward-looking moves to develop digital infrastructure and accelerated progress on establishing a national integrated computing system.

  中文编辑：郝遥

  英文编辑：衣小伟

  英文审校：张娴 李晓琼

  监制：李达 李振通